Aspirin inhibits the growth of hypertrophic scar in rabbit ears via regulating Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have certain side effects in the treatment of hypertrophic scar, and the scar recurrence is easy after withdrawal of steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. Finding reliable alternative drugs is an effective means to improve this defect. Aspirin, a traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is safe for topical use and has anti-inflammatory effects similar to those of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which may have similar effects on the treatment of hypertrophic scar. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of aspirin on the proliferation of hypertrophic scar in rabbit ears and the underlying mechanism.@*METHODS@#The rabbit ear hypertrophic scar models were prepared. The rabbits were randomly divided into a normal skin group (group A), a blank control group (group B), a 0.9% NaCl group (group C), a 0.2% aspirin group (group D), a 0.5% aspirin group (group E), a 2% aspirin group (group F), and a triamcinolone acetonide group (group G). Macroscopic observation of hyperplasia was performed 8 weeks after local injection of the scar, followed by collecting the scar tissue samples for HE staining, Masson staining, and immunohistochemistry, respectively to assess the proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen fibers, and calculate the hypertrophic index, microvessel density, and immunohistochemical score.@*RESULTS@#All rabbit ear hypertrophic scar models were successfully constructed. In groups B and C, the hypertrophic scar edge was irregular, with reddish protruding epidermis, significant contracture and hard touch. In group D, E, and F, with the increase of aspirin administration concentration, the scar became thinner and gradually flat, the proliferation of fibrocytes and collagen fibers was weakened, and the hypertrophic index was gradually decreased (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of β-catenin was decreased in the group D, E and F in turn, and the immunohistochemical score was gradually decreased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in hypertrophic index, microvessel density, and immunohistochemical score (all P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Local injection of aspirin can reduce the generation of hypertrophic scar in a dose-dependent manner within a certain concentration range; aspirin inhibits the growth of hypertrophic scar in rabbit ears by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway; 2% aspirin and 40 mg/mL triamcinolone acetonide have similar curative efficacy on hypertrophic scar.

Use of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone acetonide or ozone gas in the treatment of induced osteoarthritis in rabbits

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of the intra-articular application of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone acetonide, and ozone gas in the treatment of induced osteoarthritis in rabbit’s stifles.Methods: Twenty-one Norfolk rabbits were submitted to cranial cruciate ligament transection of the left stifle. After six weeks of the surgery, the rabbits were randomized assigned into three groups: G1 (control) – saline solution (0.9%); G2 – hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone; G3 – ozone gas, submitted to three intra-articular applications every seven days. Results: Significant differences occurred: osteophytes at medial femoral condyle (G2 > G1, G2 > G3) on radiography exam; thickening of the medial condyle (G1 > G3, G2 > G3) on ultrasound exam; osteophytes at lateral tibial condyle (G2 > G1, G2 > G3), and medial femoral condyle (G1 > G2, G3 > G1) on computed tomography. Histologically, mean values of chondrocytes in the femur and tibia in G3 and G2 were statistically lower. Conclusions: The intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone accentuated degenerative joint disease by imaging and macroscopic evaluations, and by histological findings, this treatment and the ozone gas treatment showed similar effects and were inferior to the saline solution (0.9%).

Cystoid macular edema secondary to intraocular lens sub-luxation and iris perforation by iol haptic / Edema macular cistóide secundário a subluxação de lente intraocular e perfuração da íris por haptico da lente

Abstract We present a case of 50-years-old, man with vision loss, dysmorphopsia and micropsy in the right eye with for 6 months. Ocular history included uncomplicated cataract surgery 10 years before. Best corrected visual acuity was 20/100 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Anterior segment OD demonstrated intra-ocular lens (IOL) haptic in the anterior chamber with iris perforation. Fundus examination revealed cystoid macular edema in right eye. Surgical approach with reposition of the IOL and triamcinolone acetonide intravitreal injection were performed with visual and tomographical improvement.

Resumo Apresentamos o caso de um homem de 50 anos, com queixa de perda de visão, dismorfopsia e micropsia em olho direito (OD) há 6 meses. A história ocular incluiu cirurgia de catarata sem complicações 10 anos antes. A melhor acuidade visual corrigida foi 20/100 em OD e 20/20 em olho esquerdo. O segment anterior do OD demonstrou háptica da lente intraocular (LIO) na câmara anterior com perfuração da íris. A fundoscopia revelou edema macular cistoide em OD. A abordagem cirúrgica com reposição da LIO e injeção intravítrea de triancinolona acetonida foi realizada com melhora visual e tomográfica.

Study of structural changes in diabetic macular edema by spectral domain optical coherent tomography after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide

Purpose: is to study the morphological changes in Diabetic Macular Edema [DME] before and after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide using the spectral domain-optical coherence tomography [SD-OCT] parameters

Patient and methods: The study was held at Al-Zahraa University Hospital. It included 49 eyes of 40 patients with clinically significant diabetic macular edema [CSDME]. A single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide [IVTA] at the dose of 4 mg in 0.1 ml was administered. Best corrected visual acuity [BCVA], intraocular pressure [IOP] and OCT scanning of the macula were done before and 3 months after IVTA. The OCT study parameters included central foveal thickness [CFT], OCT pattern of DME, vitreomacular interface [VMI], presence or absence of serous macular detachment [SMD], hard exudates [HEs], hyper-reflective spots [HRS] and IS/OS junction [Foveal ellipsoid zone] and ELM integrity

Results: Mean BCVA +/- SD were [0.23 +/- 0.13] and [0.39 +/- 0.22] pre and 3 months after IVTA respectively. The initial mean CFT +/- SD was [424 +/- 127.1 um] while 3 months after IVTAit was [283.1 +/- 70.2 um]. Eighteen eyes showed SMD which was completely absent 3 months after a single IVTA. There was insignificant statistical difference of the VMI state before and 3 months after IVTA. Out of thirty-four eyes that showed the presence of HEs in this study, twenty-seven eyes showed diminution of these HEs size 3 months after injection. Forty-one eyes and forty-three eyes showed the presence of HRS before and after IVTA respectively. There was insignificant statistical difference in foveal ellipsoid zone and ELM integrity before and 3 months after IVTA. Complications were reported in 16 eyes [32.6%]. Cataract progression was noted in 6 eyes [12.2 %]. Steroid induced IOP elevation was reported in 10 eyes [20.4%]

Conclusions: The data collected from OCT macular B scan are effective in the prognosis and follow up of diabetic macular edema. IVTA remains a promising primary therapy for DME at least in short terms. It seems relatively safe, but not without complications

Lipoatrofia por inyección de esteroides - Diagnóstico y tratamiento / Lipoatrophy by injection of steroids - Diagnosis and treatment

Existen diferentes opciones para el tratamiento de la lipoatrofi a secundaria a la inyección local de esteroides. Presentamos las diferentes alternativas de tratamiento y sus resultados sobre cuatro pacientes con diferente grado de lesión y en diferentes áreas corporales.

There are diff erent options for the treatment of lipoatrophy secondary to the local injection of steroids. We present the diff erent treatment alternatives and their results on four patients with diff erent degrees of injury and in diff erent body areas.

Dermatofibrossarcoma protuberante diagnosticado erroneamente como queloide e tratado com acetonido de triancinolona / Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans misdiagnosed as keloid and treated with triamcinolone acetonide

INTRODUÇÃO: Dermatofibrossarcoma protuberante é um tumor de pele raro e de malignidade intermediária, com baixo potencial metastático, mas altas taxas de recorrência após tratamento cirúrgico. Por apresentar eventual semelhança clínica com cicatrizes hipertróficas e queloides, o diagnóstico correto mostra-se fundamental para o sucesso do tratamento. O objetivo do presente trabalho é fazer um alerta e relatar quatro casos de dermatofibrossarcoma protuberante erroneamente diagnosticados como queloide e tratados alhures com infiltração de acetonido de triancinolona. MÉTODO: Entre novembro de 1983 e janeiro de 2008, foram atendidos quatro pacientes com dermatofibrossarcoma protuberante que tinham sido submetidos alhures a infiltrações intralesionais de acetonido de triancinolona, em virtude de diagnóstico errôneo de queloide. Nos quatro casos, foram realizadas excisões cirúrgicas radicais, com remoção de 3 cm de tecido sadio nas margens laterais, incluindo-se, na margem profunda, uma estrutura anatômica não infiltrada pelo tumor. Os pacientes receberam avaliação médica periódica em longo prazo. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes foram acompanhados por uma média de 159 meses. Três pacientes (75%) permaneceram vivos, sem sinais de doença em atividade. Um paciente (25%) faleceu devido à doença, após tentativa de remover o avançado tumor recorrente, por meio de extensa cirurgia craniofacial. A recidiva ocorreu sete anos após a operação radical. CONCLUSÃO: Dermatofibrossarcoma protuberante deve ser considerado no diagnóstico diferencial dos queloides. A infiltração intralesional de acetonido de triancinolona só deverá ser realizada após diagnóstico de certeza, que pode demandar exame anatomopatológico prévio. Um exame clínico cuidadoso e o conhecimento da lesão favorecem um diagnóstico preciso e, portanto, um tratamento adequado.

INTRODUCTION: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a rare skin tumor with intermediate malignancy, low metastatic potential, and high recurrence rates after surgical treatment. Owing to a possible clinical resemblance with hypertrophic scars and keloids, the correct diagnosis is fundamental for treatment success. The objective of the present work is to report on four cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans misdiagnosed as keloid and treated elsewhere with infiltration of triamcinolone acetonide. METHOD: Between November 1983 and January 2008, four patients with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans who had undergone intralesional infiltration with triamcinolone acetonide elsewhere were treated because of an erroneous diagnosis of keloid. Radical surgical excision was performed, and 3 cm of healthy tissue was removed from the side margins, including the deep margin, an anatomical structure not infiltrated by the tumor. The patients underwent long-term periodic medical evaluations. RESULTS: The patients were followed-up for an average of 159 months. Three patients (75%) are still alive without signs of disease at the time of this report. One patient (25%) died of the disease after an attempt to remove the advanced recurrent tumor using extensive craniofacial surgery. Recurrence occurred 7 years after the radical operation. CONCLUSION: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans must be considered in the differential diagnosis of keloids. Intralesional infiltration with triamcinolone acetonide should only be performed after diagnostic confirmation , which may require pathological examination. A careful clinical examination and knowledge of the lesion favor a precise diagnosis and an appropriate treatment.

Efficacy of Intravitreal Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor or Steroid Injection in Diabetic Macular Edema According to Fluid Turbidity in Optical Coherence Tomography

PURPOSE: To determine if short term effects of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor or steroid injection are correlated with fluid turbidity, as detected by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in diabetic macular edema (DME) patients. METHODS: A total of 583 medical records were reviewed and 104 cases were enrolled. Sixty eyes received a single intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB) on the first attack of DME and 44 eyes received triamcinolone acetonide treatment (IVTA). Intraretinal fluid turbidity in DME patients was estimated with initialintravitreal SD-OCT and analyzed with color histograms from a Photoshop program. Central macular thickness and visual acuity using a logarithm from the minimum angle of resolution chart, were assessed at the initial period and 2 months after injections. RESULTS: Visual acuity and central macular thickness improved after injections in both groups. In the IVB group, visual acuity and central macular thickness changed less as the intraretinal fluid became more turbid. In the IVTA group, visual acuity underwent less change while central macular thickness had a greater reduction (r = -0.675, p = 0.001) as the intraretinal fluid was more turbid. CONCLUSIONS: IVB and IVTA injections were effective in reducing central macular thickness and improving visual acuity in DME patients. Further, fluid turbidity, which was detected by SD-OCT may be one of the indexes that highlight the influence of the steroid-dependent pathogenetic mechanism.

Retinal sensitivity improvement after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) on retinal sensitivity in cases of macular edema(ME) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Materials and Methods: Total of 14 eyes of 14 cases of BRVO were included in this prospective study. In each eye, at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after IVTA injection, logMAR visual acuity, central 4° retinal sensitivity by MP-1 microperimetry, and optical coherence tomography foveal thickness were assessed. Results: Cases ages ranged from 60 to 79 years (mean 68 ± 8 years). At 1, 3, and 6 months, the logMAR visual acuity had increased from 0.71 ± 0.21 to 0.42 ± 0.21, 0.46 ± 0.30, and 0.46 ± 0.27; the mean foveal thickness had decreased from 540 ± 88 μm to 254 ± 51 μm, 288 ± 84 μm, and 280 ± 91 μm; and the mean retinal sensitivity had increased from 4.7 ± 2.5 dB to 7.9 ± 2.7 dB, 8.2 ± 3.6 dB, and 8.3 ± 4.6 dB, respectively. Conclusion: In eyes with ME secondary to BRVO, IVTA injections result in a significant increase in not only the visual acuity but also the central 4° retinal sensitivity in 6 months follow-up.

Microperimetría y triamcinolona intravítrea en el edema macular clínicamente significativo / Microperimetry and intravitreal triamcinolone in macular edema clinically significant

El edema macular constituye la causa más común de disminución de la agudeza visual central en pacientes con retinopatía diabética; su origen es multifactorial. El grado de pérdida visual central depende de la exudación retiniana y de la duración de la enfermedad.Objetivo: reflejar los cambios en la microperimetría después del uso de la inyección de triamcinolona acetónido en un paciente con retinopatía diabética no proliferativa moderada y edema macular clínicamente significativo.Caso clínico: se presentó el caso de un paciente con edema macular clínicamente significativo asociada a retinopatía diabética no proliferativa moderada, fue evaluado mediante examen de mejor agudeza visual corregida, biomiscroscopia del segmento anterior y posterior, tonometría, oftalmoscopia indirecta y microperimetria, se utilizó el protocolo automático para la mácula de 12 grados, 45 puntos maculares. El examen fundoscópicos y la biomiscroscopia del segmento posterior mostró, hemorragias redondeadas intrarretinianas en cuatro cuadrantes, arrosariamiento venoso en un cuadrante, anomalías microvasculares intrarretinianas en dos cuadrantes, vasos gruesos y tortuosos, macula con exudados duros en polo posterior y micro aneurismas fuera de la zona avascular foveal, formando circinadas, y microhemorragias dispersas.Conclusiones: fue tratado con fotocoagulación macular focal y con inyección de intravítrea de triamcinolona acetónido, se logró la mejoría de la agudeza visual y mejoraron los parámetros en la microperimetría en un período de un mes

Macular edema is the most common cause of decreasing central visual acuity in patients with diabetic retinopathy; its origin is multifactorial. Central visual loss depends on retinal exudation and duration of the disease. Objective: to reflect changes in the microperimetry after the use of triamcinolone acetonide injection in a patient with moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema clinically significant. Clinical case: a patient with macular edema clinically significant associated with moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy was evaluated through visual acuity test with best correction, biomiscroscopy of the anterior and posterior segment, indirect ophthalmoscopy, tonometry, microperimetry, automatic protocol to the macula of 12 degrees, 45 macular points was used. Eyeground examination and biomiscroscopy of the posterior segment showed intraretinal rounded bleeding in four quadrants, beaded venae in a quadrant, intraretinal microvascular abnormalities in two quadrants, thick and tortuous vessels, macula with hard exudate in posterior pole and microaneurysms outside of the foveolar avascular zone, in circinate forms, and scattered microhemorrhagia. Conclusions: the patient was treated with focal macular photocoagulation and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection; visual acuity improved so as the parameters in microperimetry over a period of a month

Validation of quantitative analysis method for triamcinolone in ternary complexes by UV-Vis spectrophotometry / Validação de método de análise quantitativa para a triancinolona a partir de complexo ternário por espectrofotometria de UV-Vis

Triamcinolone (TRI), a drug widely used in the treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases, is practically insoluble in water, which limits its use in eye drops. Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been used to increase the solubility or dissolution rate of drugs. The purpose of the present study was to validate a UV-Vis spectrophotometric method for quantitative analysis of TRI in inclusion complexes with beta-cyclodextrin (B-CD) associated with triethanolamine (TEA) (ternary complex). The proposed analytical method was validated with respect to the parameters established by the Brazilian regulatory National Agency of Sanitary Monitoring ANVISA). The analytical measurements of absorbance were made at 242nm, at room temperature, in a 1-cm path-length cuvette. The precision and accuracy studies were performed at five concentration levels (4, 8, 12, 18 and 20µg.mL-1. The B-CD associated with TEA did not provoke any alteration in the photochemical behavior of TRI. The results for the measured analytical parameters showed the success of the method. The standard curve was linear (r2 > 0.999) in the concentration range from 2 to 24 µg.mL-1. The method achieved good precision levels in the inter-day (relative standard deviation-RSD <3.4%) and reproducibility (RSD <3.8%) tests. The accuracy was about 80% and the pH changes introduced in the robustness study did not reveal any relevant interference at any of the studied concentrations. The experimental results demonstrate a simple, rapid and affordable UV-Vis spectrophotometric method that could be applied to the quantitation of TRI in this ternary complex.

A triancinolona (TRI) é um fármaco amplamente utilizado no tratamento de doenças inflamatórias do globo ocular e é praticamente insolúvel em água, o que limita sua utilização na forma de colírio. As ciclodextrinas (CDs) têm sido utilizadas com sucesso para aumentar a solubilidade ou velocidade de dissolução de fármacos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a validação de uma metodologia analítica para a TRI a partir de complexos de inclusão com beta-ciclodextrina (B-CD) associada com a trietanolamina (TEA) (complexo ternário) por espectrofotometria de UV-Vis. A validação do método proposto foi realizada de acordo com os parâmetros analíticos estabelecidos pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). As análises quantitativas foram realizadas a 242nm a temperatura ambiente, utilizando cubeta de quartzo de 1cm. Os estudos de precisão e exatidão foram realizados para cinco níveis de concentração (4, 8, 12, 18 e 20µg.mL-1). A B-CD associada a TEA não alterou o comportamento fotoquímico da TRI. Os resultados da avaliação dos parâmetros analíticos demonstraram o sucesso da metodologia. A curva padrão apresentou linearidade (r2 > 0.999) na faixa de concentração de 2 a 24µg.mL-1. A metodologia apresentou bons níveis de precisão para o estudo inter dia (desvio padrão relativo-DPR <3.4%) e reprodutibilidade (DPR<3.8%). A exatidão ficou em torno de 80% e a variação de pH inserida no estudo de robustez não revelou uma interferência significativa em todas as concentrações estudadas. Os resultados experimentais demonstraram um simples, rápido e viável método de espectrofotometria de UV-Vis com aplicabilidade para a análise quantitativa da TRI a partir do complexo ternário.

Oclusiones venosas retinales / Retinal vein occlusion

Las oclusiones venosas retinales constituyen una importante causa de deterioro de la agudeza visual. Su evolución y manejo mediante fotocoagulación retinal con láser se encuentra bien documentada por importantes estudios clínicos. Actualmente se ha sumado el uso de agentes antiangiogénicos para el tratamiento de sus complicaciones, en especial del Edema macular secundario. Se analizan cuadros clínicos, complicaciones y manejo de la Oclusión de Rama Venosa Retinal y de la Oclusión de Vena Central de la Retina resaltando el uso de terapia intravítrea con Triamcinolona

The retinal vein occlusion constitute an important cause of deterioration of visual acuity. Their evolution and management through retinal photocoagulation wuith laser, is well documented by important clinical studies. At present the use of antiangiogenics agents for the treatment of its complications has been added, and especially secondary macular edema. Clinical cases are analysed as well as complications and handling of the Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion and the Central Retinal Vein occlusion. The use of Triamcinolone and Ranibizumab is highlighted

Eficacia del plasma autologo rico en plaquetas infiltrado en la entesitis calcánea plantar / Effectiveness of infiltrating platelets rich autologous plasma in the calcaneal plantar enthesistis

El plasma autólogo rico en plaquetas (PARP). En el lugar de lesión acelera la regeneración de los tejidos locales mediantes un mecanismo que reproduce las etapas fisiológicas iniciales de la reparación tisular. Comparar la eficacia del PARP y la acetonida de triacinolona infiltrada en pacientes con diagnóstico de Entesitis calcánea plantar (ECP). 60 pacientes de ambos sexos, mayores de 30 años que acudieron a la consulta en junio 2008 a mayo 2009, Grupo A 30 pacientes infiltrados con 1,5 cc de esteroide diluido en 3 cc cifarcaína al 1 por ciento; Grupo B 30 pacientes infiltrado PARP 3,5 cc diluido en 1 cc de cifarcaína al 1 por ciento ambos grupos se indica cambio del tipo de calzado de uso diario y se controlaron cada 7 días. Grupo A I Control el 76,6 por ciento refirió no presentar dolor, el 23,3 por ciento presento dolor. En el III Control 83,3 por ciento de los pacientes refirió dolor, ameritó la segunda infiltración, el resto mostró una marcada mejoría. El Grupo B I Control 84 por ciento refirió dolor leve, el resto dolor moderado, a las 2 semanas, 88 por ciento desaparecio del dolor y el 12 por ciento dolor leve, no ameritaron una segunda infiltración. El PARP en 28 días provocó desaparición del dolor en 94 por ciento de los paciente comparado con 86 por ciento que uso esteroide. El análisis no paramétrico Ji cuadrado es 54,78 por ciento con grado de libertad 3 demostrando que las variables están relacionadas con resultados significativos.

The platelet-rich autologous plasma (PRAP) in the site of injury accelerates tissue regeneration by a local mechanism that reproduces the initial stages of physiological tissue repair. To compare the effcacy of infiltrating PRAP or triancinolona in diagnosed patiente with calcaneal plantar enthesitis (CPE). 60 patients of both sex, older than 30 years old who attendend the consultation from june 2008 to may 2009, Group A 30 patients with infiltrating 1,5 cc of diluted steroid 3 cc cifarcaina 1 percent, Group B 30 patients infiltrated PRAP 1 cc to 3,5 cc diluted cifarcaina 1 percent, both groups indicated change in the type of footwear for everyday use and were checked every 7 days, Group A I Control the present 76,6 percent referred no pain, 23,3 percent had pain. Control III in 83,3 percent of patients referred pain, they need the second infiltration, the rest showed a marked improvement. Group B I Control 84 percent referred mild pain, moderate pain the rest; at 2 weeks, 88 percent referred the disappearance of pain and 12 percent mild pain, did not need a second infiltration; The PRAP 28 days resulted in disappearance of pain in 94 percent of patients compared with 86,6 percent who use steroids. The non-parametric chi-square analysisis 54,78 with 3 degrees of freedom showing that the variables are associated with significant results.

Efficacy of hydrocortisone acetate/hyaluronidase vs triamcinolone acetonide/hyaluronidase in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis.

Background & objective: Oral submucous fibrosis is a common premalignant condition caused by chewing arecanut and other irritants in various forms. Its medical treatment is not yet fully standardized, although the optimal doses of its medical treatment is in the form of hydrocortisone acetate combined with hyaluronidase. The problem with the prevailing treatment was injections at weekly interval. In this study we compared the efficacy of hydrocortisone acetate and hyaluronidase at weekly interval versus triamcinolone acetonide and hyaluronidase at 15 days interval. Methods: Patients of OSMF (100) were randomly divided into two groups A and B. Group A patients received combination of hydrocortisone acetate (1.5 ml)/hyaluronidase (1500 IU) at weekly interval submucosally in pterygomandibular raphe, half dose on each side for 22 wk. Group B patients received combination of triamcinolone acetonide (10 mg/ml)/ hyaluronidase (1500 IU) at 15 days interval for 22 wk. Treatment outcome was evaluated on the basis of improvement in symptom score, sign score and histopathological improvement. Student’s ‘t’ test was applied for comparing the results. Results: No statistically significant difference in symptom score, sign score and histopathological improvement was seen between the two groups. Interpretation & conclusion: Treatment regimen of group B was more convenient to the patients because less number of visits required and cheap. No side effects were seen. A follow up study is required to see long term effects.

Estudo do tratamento do edema macular difuso do diabético com triancinolona intravítrea e fotocoagulação / Use of intravitreal triamcinolone and laser photocoagulation for the treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia do uso intravítreo da triancinolona acetonida associada a fotocoagulação com laser no tratamento do edema macular difuso diabético. Comparar esta associação terapêutica com o uso isolado de cada tratamento. MÉTODOS: Após controle clínico sistêmico, trinta pacientes portadores de edema macular difuso diabético foram divididos em 3 grupos de tratamento: (1) fotocoagulação macular em grade com laser de argônio; (2) aplicação intravítrea de 4 mg de triancinolona acetonida; (3) associação dos itens anteriores. O seguimento foi realizado em intervalos predeterminados de um dia, uma semana e mensalmente, até completar 6 meses. Foram analisados os parâmetros: acuidade visual corrigida LogMAR, espessura macular central, volume macular total e pressão intra-ocular. RESULTADOS: A fotocoagulação com laser não reduziu de forma estatisticamente significativa a espessura macular central e o volume macular total. Esta redução foi significativa e estatisticamente semelhante nos outros dois grupos. Todos os grupos apresentaram melhora da acuidade visual, entretanto, o grupo que recebeu a associação do laser com a triancinolona intravítrea obteve maior porcentagem de pacientes com ganho de 10 ou mais letras de visão. CONCLUSÃO: O uso simultâneo da fotocoagulação com a triancinolona intravítrea pode ser considerado uma opção terapêutica para o edema macular difuso diabético.

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of intravitreal use of triamcinolone acetonide combined with laser photocoagulation for the treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema and to compare it with the separate use of each treatment. METHODS: After systemic clinical control, thirty patients with diffuse diabetic macular edema were divided into 3 treatment groups: (1) macular grid photocoagulation; (2) intravitreal injection of 4 mg of triamcinolone acetonide; (3) combination of the two previous therapies. Follow-up was scheduled at predetermined intervals of one day, one week and monthly until completion of six months. The following parameters were analyzed: LogMAR best corrected visual acuity, central macular thickness, total macular volume and intraocular pressure. RESULTS: Grid photocoagulation did not significantly reduce the central macular thickness or the total macular volume. On the other hand, this reduction was statistically significant in the other two groups. All groups improved their mean visual acuity, however, the group that received both treatments had a higher percentage of patients that gained 10 or more letters. CONCLUSION: The simultaneous administration of grid photocoagulation with intravitreal triamcinolone can be considered an option for the treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema.

Recurrent neovascularization of the disc in sympathetic ophthalmia.

Sympathetic ophthalmia following parsplana vitrectomy is a known complication. We describe here a case of recurrent disc neovascularization in a patient of sympathetic ophthalmia. It promptly responded to steroids initially but later recurred with inflammation.

Resolution of Severe Macular Edema in Adult Coats' Disease with Intravitreal Triamcinolone and Bevacizumab Injection

A 47 year old male patient visited our hospital with the chief complaint of deterioration of the visual acuity in the left eye. The fundus examination revealed thick hard exudates, multiple aneurysms and telangiectasias of the retinal vessels in the posterior pole. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated massive leakage over an area of the aneurysms. Optical coherence tomography (Stratus OCT; Zeiss-Humphrey, Dubin, CA) revealed diffuse and marked thickening of the retina. Laser photocoagulation was performed under the diagnosis of Coats' disease. However, the treatment could not be performed satisfactorily. On the first and 6th weeks, an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and triamcinolone acetonide was administered, and laser photocoagulation was again attempted. The effectiveness of eachagent on retinal edema was evaluated at the follow-up performed at 1, 2, 5, 7, 10 weeks and 6 months after the injection. At one week after the intravitreal bevacizumab injection, there was no improvement. An intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide was performed 6 weeks after the initial diagnosis,which resulted in a reduction in the thickness of the macular edema. Therefore, laser photocoagulation was performed sufficiently on telangiectasias. The follow-up at 6 months showed a relative increase in the macular edema, but there was reduced leakage from the telangiectasias compared with the previous angiograph.

Análise da espessura macular pela tomografia de coerência óptica no edema macular refratário de origem diabética após aplicação de triancinolona intravítrea / Macular thickness analysis by optic coherence tomography in refractory diabetic macular edema treated with intravitreous triamcinolone

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da aplicação intravítrea de triancinolona na espessura macular medida pela tomografia de coerência óptica (Stratus-OCT), pressão intra-ocular e acuidade visual no tratamento do edema macular diabético não responsivo ao tratamento prévio com fotocogulação a laser, no período de 6 meses. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 21 indivíduos (22 olhos) submetidos a exame oftalmológico completo, medida da acuidade visual, pressão intra-ocular e análise pela tomografia de coerência óptica, tratados previamente com no mínimo 2 sessões de laser. Os indivíduos participantes do estudo foram tratados com aplicação intravítrea de acetato triancinolona na dose de 4 mg / 0,1 ml. As visitas de acompanhamento foram agendadas no 1º dia pós-aplicação, 1º, 3º e 6º meses. Foram estudados o resultado visual e anatômico assim como as possíveis complicações relacionadas com o procedimento da aplicação intravítrea. RESULTADOS: O estudo demonstrou redução significativa da espessura macular média analisada pelo OCT nos 1º, 3º e 6º meses pós-aplicação (p=0,001), acompanhado de melhora da acuidade visual média (p<0,001). A espessura macular central média ± DP na primeira visita foi de 399 ± 121 µm e diminuiu em 39,9 por cento (239 ± 53 µm) no primeiro mês (p<0,001), 35,5 por cento (255 ± 93 µm) no terceiro mês (p<0,001) e 18,1 por cento (326 ± 135 µm) no sexto mês (p=0,001). A melhora da acuidade visual média foi de 18 e 16 letras na tabela ETDRS nos 3º e 6º meses respectivamente. As complicações relatadas foram o aumento da pressão intra-ocular em 7 olhos (33,3 por cento casos). CONCLUSÕES: Foi observada redução da média das espessuras da retina ao longo de todo o tempo de acompanhamento, com aumento significante da espessura macular entre o 3º e 6º mês. Foi observado melhora estatisticamente significante da média da acuidade visual ao final do acompanhamento, porém não houve melhora entre o 3º e 6º mês.

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of intravitreal injections of triamcinolone on macular thickness (Stratus-OCT), intra-ocular pressure and visual acuity, in the treatment of diabetic macular edema non-responsive to previous laser photocoagulation, over a 6-month period. METHODS:The study included 21 subjects (22 eyes) who underwent complete ophthalmologic examination, measurements of visual acuity and intraocular pressure, and OCT, previously treated with at least 2 laser applications. The study participants were treated with 4 mg / 0.1 ml intravitreal triamcinolone. Follow-up visits were scheduled for the 1st day after treatment, and after 1, 3 and 6 months. Visual and anatomical results, as well as possible complications associated with the intravitreal injection procedure were studied. RESULTS: The study showed a significant reduction in mean macular thickness, assessed by OCT at 1, 3 and 6 months post-treatment (p=0.001), combined with an improvement of the mean visual acuity (p<0.001). Central macular thickness mean ± SD value on the first visit was 399 (±121 µm); it was reduced by 39.9 percent (239 ± 53 µm) at the first month (p<0.001), 35.5 percent (255 ± 93 µm) at the third month (p<0.001), and 18.1 percent (326 ± 135 µm) at the sixth month (p=0.001). The improvement in mean visual acuity was of 18 and 16 letters on the ETDRS table, on the 3rd and 6th month, respectively. Reported complications were an increase in intraocular pressure in seven eyes (33.3 percent of the cases). CONCLUSIONS: A reduction in mean retinal thickness was observed throughout the entire follow-up period, with significant increase in macular thickness between the 3rd and 6th month. The mean visual acuity showed statistically significant improvement at the end of the follow-up period, but no change was noticed between the 3rd and 6th month.